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Abu Talib ibn Abdul-Muttalib (Arabic: ابو طالب بن عبد المطلب; c. 539;– c. 619) was the leader of the Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca in Arabia. After the death of Abd al-Muttalib he inherited this position and the offices of siqaya and rifada.[2] He was well respected in Mecca despite a declining fortune.[3]
Abu Talib was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. There is a great debate among Muslim scholars on whether he died a Muslim or a non-Muslim.
Abū Ṭālib was a brother of Muhammad's father, 'Abdullāh ibn Abdul-Muttalib, who had died before Muhammad's birth. After the death of Muhammad's mother Āminah bint Wahb, Muhammad as a child was taken into the care of his grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib. When Muhammad reached eight years of age, 'Abdul-Muttalib died. One of Muhammad's uncles was to take him in. The oldest, Al-Harith was not wealthy enough to take him in. Al-'Abbas was the wealthiest but he was not welcoming. Abu Talib, despite his poverty, took in Muhammad because of his generosity.[4] Although, it is confusing that Abu Talib was responsible for Siqaya & Rifada (Food & Beverages) of Hajj pilgrims, yet he was poor.
Muhammad loved his uncle very much and Abu Talib loved Muhammad in return.[5] Abu Talib is remembered as a gifted poet, and many poetic verses in support of Muhammad are attributed to him.[2][6]
Once, as Abu Talib was about to leave for a trading expedition, Muhammad wept and could not bear to be separated from him. To this Abu Talib responded, "By God I will take him with me, and we shall never part from each other." [7]
Later in life, as an adult, Muhammad saw that Abu Talib was struggling financially after a severe drought. Muhammad decided to take charge of one of Abu Talib's children and he convinced al-'Abbas to do the same. They discussed this matter withAbū Ṭālib, who asked that his favorite child 'Aqīl be left with him. Al-'Abbās chose Ja'far, and Muhammad chose 'Alī.
Abū Ṭālib's died circa 619, at more than 80 years of age, 10 years after Muhammad received revelation.[2] This year is known as the Year of Sorrow because Khadija, Muhammad's wife, died within a month of Abu Talib.
Before Abu Talib died, Muhammad asked him to say the shahada. According to one tradition, Abu Talib refused because he claimed that the Quraysh (who were present) would mock him and accuse him of saying the shahada because he feared death.[15] In another tradition Abu Talib was dissuaded from saying the shahada by the Quraysh.[23] According to the historiographer Fred McGraw Donner, both of these traditions have very old isnads but the first variation has two different isnads which might suggest that the second variation is a modification of the older, first variation.[23]
In yet another variation of Abu Talib's death, al-'Abbas, who was sitting next to Abu Talib as he died, saw Abu Talib moving his lips. Al-'Abbas claimed that Abu Talib had said the shahada but Muhammad replied that he had not heard it.[2][24][25] Some Muslims see this as proof that Abu Talib died a Muslim. However, the majority of sources state that Abu Talib died a pagan.
After Abu Talib's death, Muhammad was left unprotected. Abu Talib's successor, Abu Lahab, did not protect him. Muhammad and his followers faced incredible persecution. Muhammad is quoted as exclaiming, "By God, Quraysh never harmed me so much asafter the death of Abu Talib."[26][27] The early Muslims relocated to Medina in order to escape persecution by the Quraysh.
Thomas Wolfgang
Ackermann
