Notizen zu dieser Person
Familienoberhaupt, Herr (Gouverneur) von Tudela und Saragossa ; oo 812 Assona Iñiguez, Tochter von Iñigo Jiménez (Haus Jiménez) und NN (nicht Oneca) ; oo Maymona.
Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi,(Arabic: موسى بن موسى بن القسوي)(c. 790 - 26 September 862), was leader of the muwallad Banu Qasi clan and ruler of a semi-autonomous principality in the upper Ebro valley in northern Iberia in the 9th century.
Musa ibn Musa was great-grandson of Cassius, who converted to Islam after the Muslim conquest of Iberia. His father, Musa ibn Fortun, appears in scattered accounts of the late 8th century, and was apparently assassinated in Musa’s youth. His mother, whose name is unknown, was also mother by another husband of Basque chieftain Íñigo Arista, Musa’s half-brother. Musa’s earlyyears are obscure, although he is presumed to have supported the Basques against the French in the Third Battle ofRonceveaux, a battle generally credited as giving birth to the nascent Kingdom of Pamplona. Likewise it is claimed that in 839 his son Fortun ibn Musa led a campaign that resulted in a rout of the "king of the Galicians", "Loderik" or "Luzriq"[1] and he leveled the defenses of Alava.
It is in 840/1 that we first hear of Musa ibn Musa himself. In response to attacks on the lands of His half-brother, Íñigo Arista, and the expulsion of Kinsman Abd al-Yabbar ibn Qasi bythe brothers Abd Allah and Amir ibn Kalayb, governors respectively of Zaragoza and Tudela, Musa and Íñigo rose in rebellion against emir Abd ar-Rahman II. This led to a reprisal campaign under the leadership of the emir's son, Mutarrif, and general Abd al-Wahid ibn Yezid Iskenderani. In 842, Musa was incharge of the vanguard of the emir's army marching against Cerdaña, but believing himself mistreated by the commanding general, Musa again rebelled and along with his nephew, García Íñiguez of Pamplona, defeated a Cordoban army. Musa ibn Musa and Íñigo Arista again joined forces to ambush and capture one of Abd ar-Rahman's commanders in 843, but the consequence was a massive military response from Cordoba, led by the Emir in person,resulting in the defeat of the allies and the takingof slaves in the vicinity of Pamplona. A second retaliatory expedition in 844 inflicted a further defeat, in which Musa's half-brotherFortún Íñiguez, the premier soldier of Pamplona, was killed and Musa and Íñigo barely escaped, while hundredsof the Pamplona nobility defected to the Cordoban side. Musa submitted and in November ledhis troops to Seville, helping to rout a viking raiding party. However, he again rebelled the next year. When Muhammad, son of Abd ar-Rahman, took Tudela,Musa submitted, and his son Lubbibn Musa, along with nephew Galindo Íñiguez, went to the emir’s court. In 846 Musa again was forced to submit, this time to the emir's son Hisham, but Abd ar-Rahman was again forced to launch punitive campaigns against Musa in 847, and in 850 when Musa and Íñigo again joined in rebellion, Musa's son Ismail ibn Musa playing a critical role in the uprising.
The Islamic year 237 (851/2) proved critical for Musa ibn Musa. In this year his half-brother and repeated ally in rebellion, Íñigo Arista, died, as did the emir, Abd er-Rahman II. Musaalso gained a great victory in a two-day battle, defeating Basque or Gascon forces near Albelda. The next year, Musa’s control over his territories and his links to the emirate were formalized, the new emir, Muhammad, naming Musa WÄli of Zaragoza and governor of the March. The next decade Marked the height of His power. He would control Zaragoza, Tudela, Huesca and Toledo, forming what was, in effect, a Taifa state stretching from Najera to Zaragoza and Calatayud, and viewed as equivalent to the emirate of Cordoba and the kingdom of Asturias,Musa beingreferred to as “The Third King of Spain”.[2]
In 854, Toledo rebelled, supported by Ordoño I of Asturias and García Íñiguez, and the emir Muhammad launched a punitive campaign which ended in a battle at the Guadacelete river, Musa apparently participating on Cordoba’s behalf. The next yearMusa led a Cordoban attack on Alava, and in 856 he launched an independent expedition against Barcelona and Tarrasa. Apparently in859, Musa’s son Lope ibn Musa ibn Qasi was appointed Wali of Toledo, and the same year, Musa permitted a viking force to pass through his lands to attack Pamplona, where they captured Musa’s nephew and former ally García Íñiguez, and ransomed him for either 70,000 or 90,000 gold dinars. This further soured relations between the kinsmen, and García joined withOrdoño in an assault on Musa’s lands, which led to a second battle at Albelda. The Christians divided their forces, besieging the town and pursuing Musa’a army to a refuge on Mount Laturce. They dealt Musa a crushing defeat, killing his son-in-law, an otherwise unknown Basque prince García, and forcing Musa to flee. This victory would be remembered in Christian sources in the form of thelegendary Battle of Clavijo.
The Christian victory at Albeda led to the end of Musa’s autonomy. In 860, emir Muhammad removed Musa as wali and governor, and personally led an army through Musa’a lands on a month-longpunitive campaign against Pamplona which resulted in the capture of prince Fortún Garcés of Pamplona. In 861 Muhammad required Musa to play a subservient role in a campaign against Barcelona. The next year, 862, saw Musa trying to re-exert his power, directing a military show of force against his son-in-law, the Berber Izraq ibn Mantel ibn Salim. Musa attacked Guadalajara, but received several wounds, being unable to mount a horse. He withdrew to Tudela, where he died 26 September 862.
Musa ibn Musa is reported by the Códice de Roda to have married a daughter of His half-brother Íñigo Arista. No source reports whether she was his only wife, or mother of His children:sons Lubb, Mutarrif, Fortun and Ismael, and a daughter Awriya(Oria), wife of Basque prince García who was killed at Mount Laturce, by him having a son Musa ibn Garsiya. A daughter (perhaps García's widow), married Izraq ibn Mantel ibn Salim.
Thomas Wolfgang
Ackermann
